(types and styles of gardens, style: Formal, informal, Free and Wild, Types: Persian/ Islamic, Italian, French, Mughal, English, Japanese, Chinese)
Types and Styles of Gardens PPT
In this article, we are going to learn the types and styles of gardens. There are different types and styles of gardens are given below:
Styles of Gardens
Table of Contents
- Formal
- Informal
- Free
- Wild
FEATURES OF FORMAL GARDEN
- The first plan is made on paper and then the land is selected accordingly
- Land is levelled
- Symmetrical design
- Geometrical: Square, rectangular, circular beds and borders
- Roads and paths cut at a right angle
- Balance is symmetrical as the same feature replicated on both sides of the central axis
- Hedges, edges and topiary are trimmed
- Trees can be selected as individual feature
- Mughal, Persian, Italian, French and American garden
FEATURES OF INFORMAL GARDEN
- The plan is forced to fit the land
- The main aim is to capture natural scenery
- The land is not levelled
- Asymmetrical design
- Non-geometrical beds and borders
- Untrimmed hedges, edges and topiary
- Japanese, Chinese, English gardens
FREE AND WILD STYLE OF GARDEN
- In Freestyle gardening best of both formal and informal styles are selected to secure the most picturesque effect
- Wildstyle gardening has no rules. The main aim is to make the garden beautiful and natural. Its concept was given by Sir William Robinson.
TYPES OF GARDEN
- Vegetable garden, Flower garden, container garden, Organic garden, Vertical garden, Bog / Marsh garden, Terrace garden, Rock garden, Herb garden, Terrarium etc
- Formal garden:
- Persian/ Islamic
- Italian
- French
- Mughal
- Informal gardens:
- English
- Japanese
- Chinese
FEATURES OF PERSIAN GARDEN
- Based on the idea of heaven (Paradise- where running water flows)
- Strictly formal and symmetrical
- Beautiful architectural work
- Laid out after cutting terraces
- Water flowing canals
- Planted cypress as a symbol of eternity
FEATURES OF ITALIAN GARDEN
- Came into existence at the time of the Renaissance
- Resemble Mughal or Persian gardens
- Fountains, sculptures, water canals, hedges, topiary, arbour, trellis and architecturally beautiful buildings
- Plants of ilex and rose were most common.
FEATURES OF FRENCH GARDEN
- Formal gardens in perfection
- The unexampled scale of mass and sweep of designs
- In the 16th century Le Notre, who served in the Royal Garden of Louis XIV elevated the art of gardening with his impressive designs.
- He gave a vision ‘How to think big’. He removed 3 villages to design a garden at Vaux-le-Vicomte, his first masterpiece.
FEATURES OF MUGHAL GARDEN
- The site is near a hill slope with a perennial rivulet
- Gardens enclosed with walls and fitted with tall gates
- Garden has at least seven, eight or twelve terraces symbolizing 7 planets, 8 paradise or 12 zodiacs with entrance at the lowest terrace
- Running water in canals
- Terminal building
- Baradari with twelve doors three in every direction
- Symbolism and plant material
ENGLISH GARDENING
- Typical grassland climate in England
Phases of English gardening:
- Search for sustenance (1066-1500 A.D.)
- Elizabethan period (1500-1700 A.D.)
- Return to nature (1700 A.D. onwards)men were very fond of flowers
Search for Sustenance
- Gardens attached with monasteries and planted with fruit trees and vegetables for food as utilitarian gardens
- Roses, carnation, violets, lily, hollyhock were planted
- Formal gardens and unnatural
Elizabethan period
- Hampton Court was built by C. Wolsey
- Symmetrical plan with walks planted with fruit trees
- Queen Elizabeth introduced many exotic plants during (1558-1603)
- Utility gardens were converted to liaison gardens
- The peak of symmetry in gardens with the influence of Le Notre
- Gardens were monotonous and dull looking
- Claude Lorrain (1600-1682) gave inspiration to many to develop informal gardens through landscape paintings
Return to Nature
- Henry Hoare in 1720 started changing landscape gardens
- English gardens were redefined by W. Kent, L. Brown and H. Repton from picturesque to natural style
- William Robinson invented herbaceous border and gave the concept of wild gardening
- Herbaceous border term first used by Gertrude Jekyll
Essential features of English gardens:
- Lawn
- Herbaceous border
- Rockery
JAPANESE GARDEN
The teaching of Japanese gardens
- Unless a garden has a piece of air, it is not worth a place for visiting and the garden should be a place where the mind finds rest and relaxation.
Types of Japanese gardens
- Hill gardens
- Flat gardens
- Tea gardens
- Passage gardens
- Sand gardens
- Fancy gardens
Features of Japanese gardens
- Ornamental water: Ponds, streams, waterfalls, fountains, wells, water basins waterfalls, fountains, wells, water basins
- Islands
- Bridges
- Stones
- Stone lanterns
- Pergolas
- Fences and gates
- Plants
Plants in Japanese gardens
- Evergreen: Abies, Cryptomeria, Podocarpus, Juniperus, Magnolia, Michelia
- Deciduos: Acer, Populus, Morus, Salix, Prunus
- Shrubs: Aucuba, Azalea, Gardenia, Nandina, Camellia, Lagerstroemia, Rhododendron, Rosa
- Climbers: Clematis, Lonicera, Trachelospermum, Wisteria
- Annuals: Aster, Chrysanthemum, Carnation
- Herbaceous perennials
- Bulbous plants
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